Showing posts with label animals. Show all posts
Showing posts with label animals. Show all posts

Sunday, September 1, 2013

Research Is A Dangerous Business for Some


When people talk about risk at work, they normally mean the risk of getting fired, getting hit by a bus, and probably encountering some minor accidents like electrocution while charging their electronics. 

Unlike these risks, the risks you encounter during research are far more unpredictable because you work with unpredictable subjects; the weather (climate scientists), wild animals (zoologists), chemicals (chemists), and sometimes, the product of your own research (physicists). Even in social sciences, the research is often far more dangerous than your average nine-to-five job.

One particular technique in behavioral psychology, called participant observation, involves taking part in the activities of those you want to study. For example, if you wish to study the drug cartel, you would need to actually get your hands dirty. Sociologist Mick Bloor, a professor at the Cardiff School of Social Sciences once ended up in a bar fight while studying male prostitution in Glasgow. Lorraine Dowler from the Pennsylvania State University was forced to flee when her interviewee became the target of a street-level assassination attempt. Social scientist Frank Burton woke up one morning to find a submachine gun pointed at him. The body of Ken Pryce was found washed up on a Caribbean beach after investigating criminology in Jamaica.

These are just of the few workplace hazards that face researchers at work. We have yet to include stories of marine biologists who have face sharks and other dangerous marine predators, zoologists battling malaria, herpetologists getting bitten by snakes, and conservationists and medical scientists battling fanatic animal-rights activists.
Image: www.the-scientist.com
In April 2013, an animal-rights group that calls itself Fermare Green Hill (or Stop Green Hill) occupied an animal facility at the University of Milan, Italy, at the weekend, releasing mice and rabbits and mixing up cage labels to confuse experimental protocols. Researchers at the university said that it will take years to recover their work. Michela Matteoli, a neurobiologist who works on autism and other disorders and lost most of her own research in the attack, says that she found some research students crying in the disrupted facility on Monday morning. Many of the animals at the facility were genetic models for psychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.

study conducted in 1994 by Brian D Crandall and Peter W Stahl intended to investigate whether humans could digest bones. They trapped some shrews and after skinning and brief evisceration, they boiled one of the carcasses for approximately 2 minutes before swallowing it whole; head, limbs, body and tail. Without chewing.
So it's very disrespectful for anyone to brush aside any researcher's project and label them as useless.

Research is not just for geeks. It's also for James Bond. 

Saturday, February 9, 2013

Fireflies glow


How does a firefly produce it's glow?


The simplest answer would be bioluminescence. But that alone doesn't explain the mechanism and the rationale of exposing your whereabouts to potential predators at night.


Fireflies are familiar, but few realize that these insects are actually beetles, nocturnal beetles. Most fireflies are winged, which distinguishes them from other luminescent insects of the same family, commonly known as glow worms.
Glow worm. Image:barryjnorthern.blogspot.com
There are about 2,000 firefly species, thriving in a variety of warm environments, as well as in more temperate regions. Fireflies love moisture and often live in humid regions of Asia and the Americas. In drier areas, they are found around wet or damp areas that retain moisture.
Image: animals.howstuffworks.com
Fireflies have dedicated light organs that are located under their abdomens. The insects take in oxygen and, inside special cells, combine it with a substance called luciferin to produce light with almost no heat. Wow.

Firefly light is usually intermittent, and flashes in patterns that are unique to each species. Each blinking pattern is an optical signal that helps fireflies find potential mates, though we aren't sure exactly how the insects regulate this process to turn their lights on and off.
Image: animals.howstuffworks.com
Firefly light may also serve as a defense mechanism that flashes a clear warning of the insect's unappetizing taste. The fact that even larvae are luminescent lends support to this theory. Females deposit their eggs in the ground, which is where larvae develop to adulthood. Underground larvae feed on worms and slugs by injecting them with a numbing fluid. Adults eschew such prey and typically feed on nectar or pollen, though some adults do not eat at all.



Why do fireflies glow?



One reason that fireflies glow is to attract a mate. Males and females of the same species will flash signals back and forth as a way of communicating. Each firefly species has its own particular pattern. For example, the fireflies of one species will fly around in the night sky and dive steeply just as the flash begins and turn upward to make a distinctive J-shaped pattern of light. Female fireflies hang out on a tree branch or in the grass while the males fly around showing off their best flashes. When a female recognizes the flash from a male of the same species, she will answer with her best flash.





Another reason that fireflies glow is to avoid predators. Fireflies are filled with a nasty tasting chemical called lucibufagens, and after a predator gets a mouthful, it quickly learns to associate the firefly's glow with this bad taste! So not only does the flashing help attract a mate, but it also warns predators to stay away.


Other creatures with bioluminescence.

Other glowing animals would be those eerie-looking deep sea dwellers; angler fish, and certain species of shrimp and plankton.
Angler fish. Image: animals.nationalgeographic.com
Image: lukaj.net


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